酒店布草（包括床单、被套、毛巾、桌布等）的洗涤质量直接影响宾客体验与布草使用寿命，其洗涤需兼顾清洁度、织物保护与卫生标准，避免因操作不当导致布草泛黄、破损或残留污渍。科学规范的洗涤流程，能让布草保持洁白柔软，同时降低更换频率，控制运营成本。

　　The washing quality of hotel linens (including bed sheets, duvet covers, towels, tablecloths, etc.) directly affects the guest experience and the service life of the linens. The washing should take into account cleanliness, fabric protection, and hygiene standards to avoid yellowing, damage, or residual stains caused by improper operation. A scientifically standardized washing process can keep the linen white and soft, while reducing the frequency of replacement and controlling operating costs.

　　分类洗涤是酒店布草处理的基础，可避免交叉污染与材质损伤。按布草类型划分，床单、被套等床品应与毛巾、浴巾分开洗涤 —— 床品以去除人体油脂、皮屑为主，毛巾类则需清除汗液与毛发，两者污渍成分不同，洗涤剂选择与洗涤程序有差异，混合洗涤易导致毛巾纤维附着在床品表面，形成难以去除的毛絮。按污染程度区分，重度污染布草（如沾有油渍、化妆品的枕套，带有食物残渣的桌布）需先进行预处理，用去渍剂局部涂抹污渍处，静置 5-10 分钟后再放入主洗程序，避免污渍干涸后难以洗净；轻度污染的布草可直接进入常规洗涤，减少洗涤剂用量与洗涤时间。按材质分类同样重要，棉质布草耐碱性强，可使用普通洗衣粉；化纤混纺布草（如涤纶与棉混纺的床单）需控制洗涤剂碱性，避免面料变硬；羊毛、丝绸等高档布草则需采用中性洗涤剂，并用轻柔模式洗涤，防止纤维受损。

　　Classification washing is the foundation of hotel linen treatment, which can avoid cross contamination and material damage. According to the type of linen, bed sheets, duvet covers, and other bedding should be washed separately from towels and bath towels - bedding is mainly used to remove human oil and dandruff, while towels need to remove sweat and hair. The composition of the two types of stains is different, and the choice of detergent and washing program are different. Mixed washing can easily cause towel fibers to adhere to the surface of bedding, forming difficult to remove fluff. According to the degree of pollution, heavily contaminated linens (such as pillowcases with oil stains or cosmetics, tablecloths with food residue) need to be pre treated by applying stain remover to the affected area, allowing it to stand for 5-10 minutes before entering the main washing process to avoid difficulty in cleaning after the stains dry up; Mildly polluted linen can be directly washed in regular washing, reducing the amount of detergent and washing time. It is equally important to classify according to material. Cotton linen has strong alkali resistance and can be used with ordinary laundry detergent; Chemical fiber blended linen (such as polyester and cotton blended bed sheets) needs to control the alkalinity of the detergent to avoid the fabric becoming hard; High end fabrics such as wool and silk need to be washed with neutral detergent and gently to prevent fiber damage.

　　洗涤剂的选择与用量需根据布草材质与污渍类型调整，避免过度使用或选错类型。主洗涤剂分为碱性洗衣粉、中性洗衣液与专用去渍剂 —— 碱性洗衣粉清洁力强，适合洗涤棉质厚重布草（如浴巾、厚被套），能有效去除油脂与蛋白质污渍，但过量使用会导致布草泛黄，残留的碱性物质还会使织物手感变硬。中性洗衣液 pH 值接近 7，适合化纤、羊毛等敏感材质，洗后布草柔软蓬松，适合高端酒店的精细布草。去渍剂需针对性使用：针对油渍的乳化剂能分解动植物油脂，适合处理餐饮布草；含氧化成分的去渍剂可去除果汁、咖啡等色素类污渍，但需控制浓度，避免漂白过度导致布草局部发白。洗涤剂用量需按洗涤设备容量计算，每 10 公斤干布草的洗衣粉用量通常为 50-80 克，过量不仅浪费，还会增加漂洗难度，残留的洗涤剂会刺激皮肤，影响宾客体验。

　　The selection and dosage of detergent should be adjusted according to the fabric material and stain type to avoid overuse or selecting the wrong type. The main detergents are divided into alkaline laundry detergent, neutral laundry detergent, and specialized stain remover - alkaline laundry detergent has strong cleaning power and is suitable for washing cotton and heavy fabrics (such as bath towels and thick duvet covers). It can effectively remove oil and protein stains, but excessive use can cause the fabric to turn yellow, and residual alkaline substances can also make the fabric feel hard. The pH value of neutral laundry detergent is close to 7, suitable for sensitive materials such as synthetic fibers and wool. After washing, the linen is soft and fluffy, suitable for fine linen in high-end hotels. Stain removers need to be used specifically: emulsifiers for oil stains can decompose animal and vegetable fats, making them suitable for treating food and beverage linens; Stain removers containing oxidizing components can remove pigment stains such as fruit juice and coffee, but the concentration needs to be controlled to avoid excessive bleaching that can cause localized whitening of the fabric. The amount of detergent used should be calculated based on the capacity of the washing equipment. The amount of laundry detergent used for every 10 kilograms of dry linen is usually 50-80 grams. Excessive use not only wastes, but also increases the difficulty of rinsing. Residual detergent can irritate the skin and affect the guest experience.

　　洗涤过程中的温度与时间控制直接影响清洁效果与布草寿命。棉质布草的主洗温度以 60-70℃为宜，这一温度能激活洗涤剂活性，有效杀灭细菌（如大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌），同时溶解人体油脂，但温度超过 80℃会导致棉纤维收缩，使布草尺寸变小，床单被套出现套不进床垫的情况。化纤布草耐热性较差，主洗温度应控制在 40-50℃，高温会导致面料变色或变硬，尤其是带有印花的布草，高温易使图案褪色。洗涤时间需根据污渍程度调整，常规床品洗涤总时长（包括预洗、主洗、漂洗）约 45-60 分钟，其中主洗阶段保持 15-20 分钟即可；重度污染布草可延长主洗时间至 25-30 分钟，但需避免长时间洗涤导致纤维磨损。漂洗环节需保证充分，通常进行 3-4 次漂洗，每次漂洗后脱水 2-3 分钟，确保布草中无洗涤剂残留，最后一次漂洗可加入柔顺剂，使布草手感柔软，减少静电。

　　The temperature and time control during the washing process directly affect the cleaning effect and the lifespan of the linen. The optimal main washing temperature for cotton linen is 60-70 ℃. This temperature can activate detergent activity, effectively kill bacteria (such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), and dissolve human fat. However, temperatures exceeding 80 ℃ can cause cotton fibers to shrink, resulting in a smaller size of the linen and causing bed sheets to not fit into the mattress. Chemical fiber linen has poor heat resistance, and the main washing temperature should be controlled at 40-50 ℃. High temperatures can cause the fabric to discolor or harden, especially for printed linen, which can easily cause the pattern to fade. The washing time should be adjusted according to the degree of stains. The total washing time for regular bedding (including pre washing, main washing, and rinsing) is about 45-60 minutes, with the main washing stage lasting 15-20 minutes; Severely polluted linen can extend the main washing time to 25-30 minutes, but it is necessary to avoid prolonged washing that may cause fiber wear. The rinsing process should be sufficient, usually 3-4 times. After each rinse, dehydrate for 2-3 minutes to ensure that there is no detergent residue in the linen. For the last rinse, a softener can be added to make the linen feel soft and reduce static electricity.

　　烘干与熨烫处理需匹配布草特性，避免过度干燥或熨烫不当。烘干温度需低于洗涤温度，棉质布草烘干温度控制在 60-70℃，烘干至八成干时取出，此时布草仍有轻微湿润感，后续熨烫时更易塑形，且能减少褶皱；化纤布草烘干温度不超过 50℃，过度干燥会导致面料脆化，缩短使用寿命。烘干过程中需定时翻动布草，防止局部过热产生黄斑，对于毛巾类布草，烘干后可进行 5-10 分钟的冷却程序，使纤维恢复蓬松状态。熨烫时需根据布草类型调整熨斗温度与压力：床单、被套等大件布草适合用滚筒熨烫机，温度设置 120-140℃，通过高温蒸汽穿透织物，既能平整布草，又能二次杀菌；毛巾类布草通常无需熨烫，烘干后抖散即可保持蓬松；桌布、餐巾等需要挺括效果的布草，可用平板熨烫机，温度稍高（140-160℃），压力均匀，确保边角平整。

　　Drying and ironing should match the characteristics of the linen to avoid excessive drying or improper ironing. The drying temperature should be lower than the washing temperature. The drying temperature of cotton linen should be controlled at 60-70 ℃. When it is 80% dry, it should be taken out. At this time, the linen still has a slight moist feeling, which makes it easier to shape during ironing and can reduce wrinkles; The drying temperature of synthetic linen should not exceed 50 ℃. Excessive drying can cause the fabric to become brittle and shorten its service life. During the drying process, it is necessary to regularly flip the linen to prevent local overheating and the formation of yellow spots. For towel linen, a cooling program of 5-10 minutes can be carried out after drying to restore the fibers to a fluffy state. When ironing, the temperature and pressure of the iron should be adjusted according to the type of linen: large linen such as bed sheets and duvet covers are suitable for use with a drum ironing machine, with a temperature set at 120-140 ℃. High temperature steam penetrates the fabric, which can both flatten the linen and sterilize it twice; Towel linen usually does not require ironing, and can be shaken off after drying to maintain fluffiness; Tablecloths, napkins, and other fabrics that require a stiff effect can be ironed using a flat ironing machine at a slightly higher temperature (140-160 ℃), with even pressure to ensure smooth edges and corners.

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