酒店布草作为客房、餐饮等区域的核心纺织品，其清洁方式直接影响使用寿命与美观度。干洗凭借溶剂去污、低温处理的特性，成为部分特殊材质布草的首选清洁方式。并非所有布草都适合干洗，需根据材质特性、污渍类型及面料要求综合判断，以下从常见品类入手解析需干洗的布草及其原因。

　　As the core textile of guest rooms, catering and other areas, the cleaning method of hotel linen directly affects its service life and aesthetics. Dry cleaning, with the characteristics of solvent cleaning and low-temperature treatment, has become the preferred cleaning method for some special materials of linen. Not all linens are suitable for dry cleaning, and it is necessary to make a comprehensive judgment based on material characteristics, stain types, and fabric requirements. The following will analyze the types of linens that need dry cleaning and their reasons from common categories.

　　天然高端面料布草：规避水洗损伤风险

　　Natural high-end fabric linen: Avoiding the risk of washing damage

　　羊毛及羊绒制品是典型需干洗的布草。客房内的羊毛地毯、羊绒毯等，其纤维表面覆盖鳞片结构，水洗时遇高温或机械搅拌易发生缩绒反应，导致面料收缩、变硬，甚至失去弹性。干洗使用的全氯乙烯等溶剂能温和溶解污渍，避免鳞片相互勾连，同时保持纤维原有蓬松度。以羊毛地毯为例，干洗后重量损失率可控制在 3% 以内，而水洗后的收缩率可能超过 10%，直接影响铺设效果。

　　Wool and cashmere products are typical fabrics that require dry cleaning. Wool carpets, cashmere carpets, etc. in guest rooms are covered with scales on their fiber surfaces. When washed with high temperatures or mechanically stirred, they are prone to shrinkage reactions, resulting in fabric shrinkage, hardening, and even loss of elasticity. The solvents used in dry cleaning, such as vinyl chloride, can gently dissolve stains, avoiding the interlocking of scales while maintaining the original fluffiness of the fibers. Taking wool carpets as an example, the weight loss rate after dry cleaning can be controlled within 3%, while the shrinkage rate after washing may exceed 10%, directly affecting the laying effect.

　　真丝与桑蚕丝布草同样依赖干洗保护。餐厅的真丝台布、客房的桑蚕丝床罩等，纤维纤细且含天然蛋白质，水洗时易因碱性洗涤剂侵蚀出现脆化，强光照射后还可能产生泛黄现象。干洗过程中，溶剂在低温环境下快速带走污渍，配合中性助剂可减少蛋白质流失，使面料保持柔软光泽。这类布草若强行水洗，不仅手感变差，使用寿命可能缩短一半以上。

　　Silk and mulberry silk cloth both rely on dry cleaning protection. The silk tablecloths in restaurants and the mulberry silk bed covers in guest rooms are made of fine fibers and contain natural protein. They are prone to becoming brittle when washed with alkaline detergents, and may also turn yellow under strong light. During the dry cleaning process, the solvent quickly removes stains in a low-temperature environment, and when combined with neutral additives, it can reduce protein loss and keep the fabric soft and shiny. If this type of linen is forcibly washed, not only will the hand feel deteriorate, but its service life may also be shortened by more than half.

　　结构复杂或带特殊工艺的布草：保护造型与功能性

　　Fabric with complex structure or special craftsmanship: protecting shape and functionality

　　带有立体刺绣、蕾丝花边的布草需优先选择干洗。客房装饰用的刺绣窗帘、餐饮区的蕾丝桌旗等，其刺绣线与面料纤维可能存在染色牢度差异，水洗时易发生串色；蕾丝的镂空结构在机械洗涤中可能被勾扯变形，破坏原有花纹完整性。干洗通过手工预处理污渍、轻柔溶剂循环的方式，既能去除局部油污，又能避免刺绣线断裂、蕾丝抽丝，尤其适合高端酒店的装饰性布草。

　　Linen with three-dimensional embroidery and lace should be given priority for dry cleaning. Embroidered curtains used for guest room decoration and lace table flags in the dining area may have differences in color fastness between the embroidery thread and the fabric fibers, which can easily cause color bleeding during washing; The hollow structure of lace may be torn and deformed during mechanical washing, damaging the integrity of the original pattern. Dry cleaning, through manual pre-treatment of stains and gentle solvent circulation, can not only remove local oil stains, but also avoid embroidery thread breakage and lace pulling, especially suitable for decorative linens in high-end hotels.

　　复合面料布草也需依赖干洗维持结构稳定。部分窗帘采用 “面料 + 遮光层” 的复合设计，遮光层多为涂层材质，水洗时可能因水温变化出现脱层、起泡；沙发套等使用的麂皮绒复合布，面料与底层基布的收缩率不同，水洗后易产生褶皱、起翘。干洗溶剂的渗透性强且无水分参与，可减少不同材质间的张力差异，确保复合布草保持平整贴合的状态。

　　Composite fabrics and linens also rely on dry cleaning to maintain structural stability. Some curtains adopt a composite design of "fabric+shading layer", and the shading layer is mostly a coating material. During washing, delamination and foaming may occur due to changes in water temperature; The suede composite fabric used for sofa covers has a different shrinkage rate from the underlying base fabric, and is prone to wrinkles and warping after washing. The dry cleaning solvent has strong permeability and no involvement of moisture, which can reduce the tension difference between different materials and ensure that the composite linen maintains a flat and snug state.

　　特殊污渍污染的布草：提升顽固污渍去除率

　　Cloth contaminated with special stains: improving the removal rate of stubborn stains

　　沾染油脂类污渍的布草更适合干洗处理。餐饮区的台布、餐巾常接触动植物油脂、调味酱等，这类污渍含脂肪酸成分，水洗时易与水中钙镁离子结合形成皂垢，残留在面料上形成淡黄色斑迹。干洗溶剂对油脂的溶解力是水的 5-8 倍，能快速瓦解油污分子，尤其对黄油、橄榄油等凝固性油脂，去污效果远优于水洗。

　　Cloth contaminated with grease stains is more suitable for dry cleaning. Tablecloths and napkins in the dining area often come into contact with vegetable oils, sauces, etc. These stains contain fatty acid components, which can easily combine with calcium and magnesium ions in the water to form soap stains when washed, leaving light yellow spots on the fabric. The solubility of dry cleaning solvents for oils and fats is 5-8 times that of water, which can quickly dissolve oil molecules, especially for solidified oils and fats such as butter and olive oil. The cleaning effect is much better than that of water washing.

　　含化妆品或染料的污渍需通过干洗处理。客房的床单、枕套可能沾染客人的护肤品、染发剂等，其中的矿物油成分与色素在水中易扩散，导致污渍面积扩大。干洗时，溶剂可先溶解油脂载体，再通过吸附剂带走色素分子，减少污渍残留。例如口红污渍，干洗前用专用去渍剂预处理，再经溶剂循环清洗，去除率可达 90% 以上，而水洗后往往留下难以消除的淡红色印记。

　　Stains containing cosmetics or dyes need to be treated by dry cleaning. The bed sheets and pillowcases in guest rooms may be contaminated with guests' skincare products, hair dyes, etc. The mineral oil components and pigments in them can easily spread in water, leading to the expansion of the stain area. When dry cleaning, the solvent can first dissolve the oil carrier, and then remove the pigment molecules through the adsorbent to reduce the residue of stains. For example, lipstick stains can be pre treated with a specialized stain remover before dry cleaning, and then cleaned by solvent circulation, with a removal rate of over 90%. However, after washing with water, they often leave difficult to eliminate light red marks.

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