1、床单(台布)上有铁锈渍，用草酸处理掉以后，放入机器进行洗涤，洗完后，发现铁锈渍仍未去除。酸化处理是洗衣过程中非常后一道工序，酸剂的优劣是洗衣用品中十分关键的，它可以弥补先前工序中的缺陷与弊病，使被洗物尽善尽美，达到理想的境界。有的洗衣房常用草酸，这是不足取的。在未经软化的水中会形成草酸钙沉淀，吸附于织物上，使织物泛灰、变硬和变脆。用草酸除铁锈是除不净的，暂时性的。此反应Fe+++（棕褐色）Fe++（浅绿色）是可逆反应，残留在织物上的Fe++经烘干，日久见空气氧化又重新变为Fe+++，只有在草酸中添加其它酸性络合剂或采用其它除铁锈的化合物，使其形成稳定的络合物或螯合物才能除尽。

1. There are rust stains on the bedsheet (tablecloth). After treating it with oxalic acid, it was put into the machine for washing. After washing, it was found that the rust stains had not been removed. Acid treatment is the last step in the laundry process, and the quality of the acid agent is crucial in laundry products. It can compensate for the defects and drawbacks in previous processes, making the laundry perfect and reaching the ideal state. Some laundry rooms often use oxalic acid, which is not sufficient. Calcium oxalate precipitation will form in untreated water and adsorb onto fabrics, causing them to turn gray, hard, and brittle. Removing rust with oxalic acid is not effective and temporary. This reaction Fe++(brown color) Fe++(light green color) is a reversible reaction. The Fe++remaining on the fabric is dried and oxidized by air over time before returning to Fe+++. Only by adding other acidic chelating agents to oxalic acid or using other rust removing compounds to form stable complexes or chelates can it be completely removed.

2、在洗涤餐饮部小方巾时，使用了洗衣房专用增白粉和氯漂粉、次氯酸钠但效果不佳，严重发灰原因；

2. When washing the small square scarves in the catering department, laundry room specific whitening powder, chlorine bleaching powder, and sodium hypochlorite were used, but the effect was not good, and the serious graying was caused;

①在水洗之前首先要了解洗涤方巾区域的水质性质，是软水还是硬水，如果是硬水，就说明钙镁离子及金属离子含量高，那么在洗涤时建议添加软水剂，在后处理时建议要用中和剂。

① Before washing with water, it is necessary to first understand the water quality properties of the washing area of the handkerchief, whether it is soft water or hard water. If it is hard water, it indicates a high content of calcium, magnesium ions, and metal ions. Therefore, a softening agent must be added during washing, and a neutralizing agent must be used during post-treatment.

②洗涤毛巾时，非常好采用氧漂粉与洗衣粉一起进行洗涤，不要采用氯漂粉，因为氯漂粉是强氧化性，对毛巾很容易损伤。

② When washing towels, it is best to use oxygen bleach powder together with laundry detergent for washing. Do not use chlorine bleach powder, as it is highly oxidizing and can easily damage towels.

③硬水可产生钙镁离子形成钙镁皂，钙镁皂本身就是一种污垢，俗称为皂垢或碱花。钙镁皂的残垢难以除净，长时间积累它就会破坏纤维和色素，使衣服、棉织品变得略硬，失去光泽，并改变色光，对纤维的危害性很大，出现变脆、折断、牢度降低等现象。铁在水中以离子或离子化合物形式存在，如沉积在织物上或成为棕色斑点，会使白色织物整体变黄，使带色织物色泽变暗，并对漂白剂具有一定催化作用，严重的还会导致织物破损。

③ Hard water can produce calcium and magnesium ions to form calcium magnesium soap, which is itself a type of dirt, commonly known as soap scale or alkali flower. The residue of calcium magnesium soap is difficult to remove, and if it accumulates for a long time, it will damage the fibers and pigments, making clothes and cotton fabrics slightly hard, losing their luster, and changing their color. It is very harmful to the fibers, causing them to become brittle, break, and reduce their fastness. Iron exists in water in the form of ions or ionic compounds. If it deposits on fabrics or becomes brown spots, it can cause white fabrics to turn yellow overall, darken colored fabrics, and have a certain catalytic effect on bleaching agents. In severe cases, it can also lead to fabric damage.